Extracted from #24250

This PR adds support for more style properties in the global context.

Testing instructions

• Install & activate a theme with support for global styles (demo theme).
• Edit the gutenberg file lib/experimental-theme.json:

{
    "global": {
        "styles": {
            "typography": {
                "fontSize": 12,
                "lineHeight": 2.3
            },
            "color": {
                "text": "red",
                "link": "blue",
                "background": "yellow",
                "gradient": ""gradient": "var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux)"
            }
        }
    }
}

• Go to the front-end and verify that there is an inlined stylesheet named global-styles-inline-css that contains a style rule with the :root selector. For that style rule, verify that:
  => does have the properties font-size, background-color, background, --wp--style--color--link
  => does not have the properties line-height, color